The origins of representative democracy Essay Example for Free

The origins of representative democracy EssayWho benefited from the Magna Carta? The English NobilityThe English nobility gained the most benefits from the Magna Carta, which established limitations on the power of the king.Which of the following was guaranteed in the English Bill of Rights? Freedom from taxation without representation.Whose ideas about government greatly influenced the men who drafted the result of Independence and the Constitution? John Locke The writings of John Locke, a British philosopher of the Enlightenment period, had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers. What was the colonists essential complaint about the rule of the British Crown? The American colonists primary complaint was that they were subject to heavy taxes from the British Crown.Which of the following was a office of the Coercive Acts? Establishment of martial law, the requirement for the colonists to quarter British soldiers, the closure of the embrasure of Boston, and the dissolution of the Massachusetts general assembly were all components of the Coercive Acts.Which event directly resulted from the Coercive Acts? the First Continental Congress directly resulted from the Coercive Acts.Which role of the Declaration of Independence contains arguments on the right to revolution? Arguments on the right to revolution, based on the philosophy of John Locke, are found in the second section of the Declaration of Independence.Who was given the primary responsibility for drafting the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson was given the primary responsibility for drafting the Declaration of Independence.What were the main ideas verbalized in the Declaration of Independence? The main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence were individual rights and liberties and the duty of the government to protect them.The Articles of Confederation specified that the united States would be which form of government? The Articles of Confederation specified that the U nited States would be a re exoteric.What concerned the Founders in drafting the Articles of Confederation? Mob rule, arbitrary monarchic power, large territory size, and the ability of the people to check government power were all organizen into account by the Founders when they drafted the Articles of Confederation.Which of the following was NOT a component of the Articles of Confederation? A bicameral legislature was not a component of the Articles of Confederation (Congress had a single chamber).What led the Founders to realize that the Articles of Confederation needed to be reconfigured? Crises like Shays Rebellion, the inability of the subject area government to control financial concerns and raise taxes, the disproportionate power held by the states, and the vulnerability of the new nation due to the pretermit of an executive all contributed to the movement to reconfigure the Articles of Confederation.As the Constitution was being drafted, who was most in support of equal representation in the national legislature? humiliated states such as Rhode Island most strongly supported equal representation in the legislature.Which of the following externalises for representation was incorporated into the Connecticut agree? The Connecticut via media incorporated a plan calling for each state to be proportionally represented in one house of a bicameral legislature (the House of Representatives).What was Shays Rebellion? Farmers in western Massachusetts, angry that their lands were being foreclosed upon for debts, shut down the solicits and stormed an arsenal.The Constitution was ratified in the year? The Constitution was ratified in 1788.The Bill of Rights was ratified in the year?1791How many terms did George Washington serve as president before leaving office? George Washington served cardinal terms.Marbury v. Madison confirmed the Supreme Courts power to declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional. What did the case involve? Marbury v. Madison con cerned a dispute over William Marburys appellation to a government post.Debates at the Constitutional Convention surrounding the executive branch included which of the following? Debates surrounding the executive branch included both(prenominal) how many executives should serve and how to elect the executive.The Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation in that itThe Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation in that it gave Congress the power to establish a national court system.What did it take for Virginia and New York to finally agree to ratify the Constitution? New York and Virginia agreed to ratify the Constitution only after the Federalists promised to include amendments clarifying the limits on government power (the Bill of Rights).Chapter 1. The Founding ConstitutionStudy QuestionsKey TermsGreat Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise)The Great Compromise was an agreement do among the delegates to the Constitutional Convention that the America n government would have two houses in Congress the Senate where each state has two Senators, and the House of Representatives where each state has a number of Representatives based on population.The Great Compromise ended one of the most serious disagreements among the new states. Small states felt that all states were equal in stature and that if Congressional representation were based upon population, they would be outvoted on everything. Large states felt that populations should determine how many representatives a state should have, because they were afraid that they would be outvoted by the small states. This disagreement was preventing the Constitution from being adopted. In order to move forward on the Constitution, the states compromised and made Congress as a bicameral legislative body.Without the Great Compromise, there might not be the Constitution or US Government as we know it today.BackgroundTwo plans were put forwards during the Constitutional Convention to create th e new branches of government. The Virginia Plan wanted a strong national government with three branches. The legislature would have two houses. ace would be directly elected by the people and the second would selected by the first house from people nominated by the state legislatures. Further, the president and national judiciary would be chosen by the national legislature. On the other hand, the New Jersey Plan wanted a more decentralized plan amending the old Articles yet allowing for a somewhat stronger government. Each state would have one vote in Congress.The Great Compromise combined these two plans creating our watercourse legislature with two houses, one based on population and elected by the people and the other house allowing two senators per state being name by state legislatures. (Direct election of Senators began after the 17th amendment was ratified in 1913.)Bicameralisma legislative body having two branches, houses, or chambers3/5ths CompromiseThree-Fifths Compromi se slaves would not be counted as whole persons for the purposes of representation, but they would not be excluded from the population count both. Instead, a slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person. In this way, large Southern slave states would not be overly advantaged in representation in the lower house of Congress, but they would be accept for their population size. However, besides allowing greater representation for states with large slave populations, the Constitution did not address the institution of slavery in any other way. It would take 80 years and the bloody Civil War for the nation to fully eradicate slavery and recognize African Americans as free persons with rights to citizenship. Even then, it would be another century before African Americans in the South would enjoy equal access to voting and be allowed to serve as members of a jury. time interval of PowersSeparation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into dist inct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and proffer for checks and balances. The traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of American government are * The legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government. * The executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.* The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it. Forty state constitutions specify that government be change integrity into three branches legislative, executive and judicial. California illustrates this approach The powers of state government are legislative, executive, and judicial. Persons charged with the exercise of one power may not exercise ei ther of the others except as permitted by this Constitution. While separation of powers is key to the workings of American government, no democratic system exists with an infrangible separation of powers or an absolute lack of separation of powers.Governmental powers and responsibilities intentionally overlap they are too complex and interrelated to be neatly com expoundmentalized. As a result, there is an integral measure of competition and conflict among the branches of government. Throughout American history, there also has been an ebb and flow of preeminence among the governmental branches. Such experiences suggest that where power resides is part of an evolutionary process. This Web page provides resources for legislators and staff to use in addressing separation of powers issues. It organizes them into broad categories and links to a diverse set of resources to illustrate how the doctrine applies to special issues under each category. The resources include law review article s, court cases and legislative reports.

Social Implications of Surveillance and Security Essay Example for Free

Social Implications of Surveillance and certification EssayAcademic Skills Essay Plan.a. Essay Question Discuss the social significations of Surveillance and Security (technologies) dealt with in this course.b. Thesis StatementSurveillance and guarantor plays an active role at a point in everyones life by concentrating on the protection of people and property. They two demonstrate that monitoring is of importance.THIS ESSAY ARGUES.. How Surveillance and Security deal with social implications First the watchfulness of childrenThere atomic number 18 positive(p) and negatives to both aspectsHow it is affect children livesIt is a benefit to them protecting themWho is actually monitoring/ watching them( parents, teachers etc) Protection over peopleSecond the importance of policy victimisation through the use of cameras Through images eg that can be used in courtCameras images then can be used in court to hold others and prove endorse that a person is guilty. Secu rity protection over propertyThirdly linking how both surveillance and security (different) One plays a detail roleOne is more involved in .. certain aspectsHelped to do **They both link as they are both protecting something of importance fate to keep the world, environment etc safe. bring in other examples random onesBoth Surveillance and Security have from an angle helped to protect, manage, direct and influence people by monitoring their behaviour, activities and changing information. This essay argues that the social implications of both surveillance and security In equipment casualty of child surveillance the social implications are the fact that it is affecting children lives, they are surrounded by this whole process of being watched. For example they could be out with friends and still feel on edgec. Point 1 statement plus evidence ( ie. Quote / ingeminate/summary plus give reference to source)Focuses on children in terms of surveillance and the social implication on that topic (case study) focused on Article The Surveillance of Childrens Mobility In a sensation to be a child is to be under surveillanceChildren surveillanceParents watch their children to keep them safe and to correct their behavior Teachers keep an eye on students to enforce classroom rules and to maintain discipline Managers of shopping malls and ,any other semi-public places use a variety of methods to keep young people under control in order to maintain those spaces for adult usage, sensibilities and consumption Dep death on age, which is small in this context, it can be argues that surveillance as care is a necessary condition of nurturing and educating children and young people As absence of surveillance has been seen as critical to childrens wellbeing and development in some romantically derived liberal regimes of child nurturing. Some regimes ( as in alternative education systems) are now very much the minority as more attention is focused on the child in the famil y, the school, public space, by parents, educators, the state nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide corporations. Freedom for children is (developed world) urban space has become problematic , particularly in the modern era.d. Point 2 statement plus evidence ( ie. Quote / paraphrase/summary plus give reference to source) Focuses on the importance of policy development through the use of cameras ( images and video evidence) as a form of security to keep us safe. Security is evident through images and video evidenceThe process of providing evidence that the images are realUsed as evidence in court and in formal internal disciplinary matters, they were asked to describe how the images are safeguarded(protected) How they were labeled as to location and time and what chain of custody policies ensured that the images were not tampered with and were they actually the ones the charges were based on Images were common when it came to criminalor civil.The media were intrigued by the video eviden ce as it established who commited what crime, although readers not knowing that they were being perceieved by the spurious truth Images were publicized widely in local newspapers, on television stations and were often shown on news political programs. It was proven by the research program that videos played a huge role in assisting in criminal prosecutions, almost as many agencies reported that they had used images from their surveillance systems as evidence in employee disciplinary actions.e. Point 3 statement plus evidence ( ie. Quote / paraphrase/summary plus give reference to source)link them both together now.f. Conclusion restating thesis and suggesting a connection between different pointsIt is clear therefore that the social implications of the technologies, Surveillance and Security play a abundant role in society. The use of monitoring children (is shown) has a direct influence on their well-being, knowing where they are and what they are doing. This leaves a sense of relief to master(prenominal) people in their life surrounding them although it interferes with a childs independence throughout their life. Monitoring is evidence that this activity prevents accidents and inappropriate behaviour, but in any case encourages good behaviour. The use of monitoring through cameras not only keeps people and property safe but it is a source of evidence ( in terms of images and video evidence) that can be used to provide evidence to prove the elements of a case of the elements of a defense. Child safety, Stuructured separationand property adds a sense of protection ensuring them to feel safe and secureThe social implicationsboth surveillance and security deal with being monitoredSurveillance of ChildrenHaving parents, guardians, managers, teachers etcbe a logical ending to what has been previously been discussed. It must pull together all of the parts of your argument and refer the reader back to the focus you have outlined in your fundament and to the central topic. This gives your essay a sense of unity. never contain any new information. unremarkably be only a paragraph in length, but in an extended essay (3000+ words) it may be better to have two or three paragraphs to pull together the different parts of the essay. add to the overall quality and impact of the essay. This is your final statement about this topic thus it can make a great impact on the reader.This includes honoring from a distance by means of electronic equipment, or inception of electronically transmitted information. Thesis Statementa. tells the reader how you will interpret the importation of the subject matter under discussion. b. is a road map for the paper in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. c. directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel. d. makes a claim that others might dispute. is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.e. Social Implication pertaining (relating) to human relations, companionship, society or community and its organizational structure. f.g. This means what you do, in terms of your lifetime, how do your decisions momentHow does monitoring through parents etc effect the childrenHow does the use of photos and video evidence affect the end result in protecting / putting the bad away example in jail or be charge with an offence. Protects no only that person but others saves livesWhen references sources how do we reference?

Essay on television news Essay Example for Free

Essay on television news EssayTelevision news and current affair programs have become an essential start up of our everyday lives in this cutting edge society today. Nine Networks A Current Affair program is a 30-minute long current affairs program covering politics, crime, human rights, science, technology and many other argonas. It is an example of a consumer-oriented program, which seeks to appeal to viewers to get the ratings and thereby generate revenue through publicizing for the Nine Network.I will use this current affairs program broadcast on the 2nd November to discuss how the codes of television reinforce the narrative elements in one of the stories presented on the television screen. The current affair news report I have chosen which runs for five minutes and eight seconds is about an out-of-control 15-year old Stacey who has been locked in a wire coop for her foregone seven years. She is severely intellectually handicapped and her mother is forced to lock her up for her own safety reasons.She claims that the administration does not provide sufficient disabilities services and resources in argonas such as rural south-central Australia. Throughout the story, viewers are positioned to sympathize with Staceys mother, Kerry. She is portrayed as a victim of the lack of disabilities services, desperately pleading the government to take action. The different tv camera angles and movement, selection of film footage, background music, voice-overs and word choice are examples of techniques used to enhance the narrative elements in the story such as characterization, point of view, setting, structure and many more.The two main return codes I will focus on are technical and audio codes. The characters of this story include the current affair presenter, Stacey the 15-year old girl, her mother Kerry, a family friend, South Australia Disability wait on Minister and Chris Hill the on-spot reporter and interviewee. Various shots such as close-up, lon gand panning shots are used to show the main character of the story Stacey behind her cage. She is shown clinging on to the wire cage like a prisoner without freedom. Viewers are in this way positioned to feel sorry for her.We normally associate imprisonment with crime and malign doings. Here, we are presented with an innocent victim suffering from Down syndrome, being denied the basic human right of freedom through no fault of her own. There are in addition shots filming interviews with Staceys mum, Kerry. The close-up shots showing Kerrys weary and desperate face suggests to viewers that she is also suffering from locking her daughter up in the cage for her own safety and this allows viewers to observe the physical effect of the stressful situation.This makes viewers feel sorry for her as the mother of a handicapped daughter. The shots showing South Australias Disability Service Minister busy flipping through his pile of work tells viewers that the minister is very busy and he h as other community issues to aspect at. It shows that the need to help Stacey is low down in the ministers listed priorities. Viewers react by feeling angered because the government cannot provide these services for families in need. eyesight the Minister in his city office environment contrasted with the rural setting of the Staceys cage, viewers can see the huge gap in the importance fixed in addressing this problem. The melancholy background music, designed to raise emotions, is also played whenever Stacey appears on the scene, further emphasizing the sufferings of the mother and daughter. The setting of the story is also compound by shots showing rural South Australia and Staceys wire cage.The long shots are used to show location as isolated and deserted from the major township centres and the voice of Chris Hill further enhances it. There are footages showing the surroundings of the Staceys house, suggesting the danger Stacey faces if she is let loosed. The close up shots o f the wire cage and the faces behind the cage and the repetition shots of the opening of the cage reinforce the prison setting Stacey has been living in for the past seven years. The point of view in the story is 90% focused on Staceys mother, Kerry and their family friend.Viewers are persuaded to side with them in arguing against the government for the lack of disability services such as day bearing programs, transport services and other disability services. The footage showing Stacey interacting with the camera as she interrupts the normal narrative flow of the camera work by covering the camera lens show her behaviour as uncontrolled and undisciplined. It also demonstrates clearly to the viewers that Stacey has a lack of understanding of the appropriate behaviour and responses in the macrocosm around her.This reinforces the viewpoint of Staceys mother that this problem is not exaggerated. The current affair presenter also commented on the lack of support provided, further enhan cing that the government is not doing anything. The sympathetic tone is created through the selection of words chosen by the voice-over and presenter. For example, Stacey home is described as a domestic detention centre. This emotive linguistic communication is normally associated with asylum seekers arriving in our country.Other selective words and adjectives used include barbaric when referred to the action of locking Stacey up and Wire Cage when referred to Staceys house. This many-sided language is used to make the story seem more interesting and touching. There is also a personal testimony recounting an incident from the past to demonstrate the past and present difficulties faced by Kerry and many other interviews to make the story more truthful. Values and attitudes of the Australian government are also reinforced using technical and audio codes in the story.The Australian Government likes to think of themselves as caring, helpful and supportive. They believe that they have one of the best healthcare systems in the world. This story sets on to show one of the examples of the system failing to provide services for all in the community. In conclusion, the current affair story is put together using the different narrative techniques such as characterization, setting, point of view and tone and it is reinforced through the use of television production codes such as technical and audio codes.

Cambodia And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Cambodia And Climate depart Environmental Sciences EssayOur global environment has irregularly channeld from year to year. There are many scientific evidences showing that modality modify is caused by two factors including instinctive causes and human activities mainly come acrossing to the global atmosphere ascribable to the emission of greenhouse gases, such as atomic number 6 dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (NO2), and otherwise industrial gases. The tack of modality by human activities has caused negative impacts including global warming, sea level rise, increased inbred disaster (cycl one, flood, and drought) and has squeeze stinting development. Obviously, Climate change is real and happening in Cambodia that it cannot avoid. Cambodia is considered to suffer much due to its high levels of poverty and poor infrastructure to dole out with natural disasters and other longer-term effects of climate change. Hench, Cambodia is likely assailable to Climate diversity and Global warming and in the soused time the rest of the world is concerning that it comes to be discussed and debate.The term climate change is often associated with the term global warming. Climate change can be defined as the significant changes in the climate of the Earth, such as precipitation, temperature or wind, which lasts for long period of time, for decades or longer. Global warming can occur from a number of causes, some(prenominal) man-made and naturally occurring. Global warming is also commonly associated with the warming that occurs as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. (What is Climate diverseness and the Difference amongst Climate Change and Global Warming) Global warming and climate change can impact agriculture and food payoff around the world due to the effects of elevated CO2 in the atmosphere, high temperatures, altered precipitation and transpiration regimes, increased frequency of extreme events, a nd modified weed, pest, and pathogen pressure.Cambodia is one of the developing countries which tends to give slight impacts of climate change than in wet industrialized countries. Anyways, Cambodia is likely to suffer from the impacts of climate change and global warming that it request to hold to those changes, especially in terms of droughts, floods, brand erosion and the loss of biodiversity. This in turn result affect land productivity and people will become poorer. In the mean time, Cambodia is an agricultural coarse that many hectares of land are developing strain. After rice, we keep the land idle, which means we dont grow year-round. As a matter of fact, rice production can contri neverthelesse to climate change, through flooded fields and the use of chemical pesticides and nitrogenous fertilizers. Agricultural can also potentially assist mitigate climate change through soil carbon sequestration by practicing sustainable agriculture practices. (Workshop, May 27-28, 2010)More importantly, man-made ready force most on climate change and global warming. Population growth has disturbed the balance between our ecosystems on our planet as the atmosphere and seas pollution, devastation of the rain forests, fire burning out of control, alteration of sensitive ecosystems, and destruction of the ozone layer. These activities have created an refreshing Climate Change and Global Warming. Obviously, in Cambodia there is a big space between the rich and the poor as poverty remain the big problem that many poor people live in the disorder condition. Usually people who live next to the river, lakes or sea, mostly water quality is not good since water is polluted by wastes, rubbishes, toxicant chemical substances from pesticides of farmers and industrial wastes or accidents that lead to the endanger of people wellness. In addition to Cambodias disorder infrastructure which pollutes the clean air due to the smoke of those machines as well as many old veh icles remained in the cities produce too much harm on environment. Moreover, Cambodia had faced many wars that left many explosives on many hectares of land which is not only the greatest danger of humanity, but may also have a long-term cumulative effect on the earth climate.Developing countries like Cambodia have been severely alter by climate change and lack the resource to tackle on its own, Hun Sen said at the opening ceremony Monday at the countrys first National Forum on Climate Change. Even though there is a strict environmental policies adoptive by developed and developing countries, in somehow the rule of law and economic development is still weak and Cambodia in some way was affected. For instance, there are reports that tons of toxic waste is deposited in Cambodia by other nations. In November 1998, a large quantity of mercury-laden waste from Taiwan was dumped in Sihanouk Ville, a famous tourist and port area in Cambodia. Due to health concerns, thousands of residents fled from the area, resulting in several accidents along a bumpy, narrow road with at least(prenominal) four dead and 13 injured. Surprisingly, a month later another case was found involving more than 650 tons of film scraps from Taiwan again. In addition, several months prior to this, the Sihanouk Ville police found waste materials including x-rays, used cassette and videotapes from South Korea. (New York Times). Cambodia is a victim of climate change, and developed countries should shoulder more responsibility in reversing the effects of global warming, said Prime Minister Hun Sen (NationalForumonClimateChange). For this reason the rich was blamed to be more responsible that they have more resources to settle this matter and huge countries should not blame less-developed countries.Climate Change and Global Warming give direct and indirect impact on the country, residential area and individual level. On the country level, Cambodia which largely depends on agriculture is vulnerabl e to agricultural inactivity and losses due to natural disasters. Therefore it will experience slow economic growth due to the global recession and economic crisis which lead to poor and underdeveloped health infrastructure that aggravate health problems and further burden the political relation. Many livelihoods will be affected by natural disasters. Not only homes and properties, agricultural produce and health, but even community as a whole that result in facing the economic downturn, hence it will lead to more social crime. For instance, by the end of the century, higher sea levels in the Mekong Delta, where nearly half of Vietnams rice is grown, may inundate about half (1.4 million ha) of the deltas agricultural lands.Compared to developed and other developing states, least(prenominal) Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States have released relatively small amounts of fossil fuels and thus contribute little harm to climate change and global warming. withal they seem to be suffered the most. Developing countries in Asia like Cambodia has the least capacity to adapt to Climate Change and Global warming and is therefore in hire of whatever external support in order to cope with these issues. Low adaptive capacity has made Cambodia among the most vulnerable region despite it is relatively low suffered from Climate think. However, still other areas with high adaptive are vulnerable due to their high population densities and closed location to Climate hazard of sea level rise and floods namely Jakarta and Thailand (John E .Newby/WWF Canon, October 2009). It has been known for some time the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to changing weather patterns, particularly severe floods and droughts that lead to immense poverty, hunger and disease. The rising sea level, along with other climatic changes, threatens the very survival of many SIDS. Approx imately 860 million people in LDCs and SIDS will be adversely affected by climate change, many of them becoming environmental refugees. (Hamilton, 2005).Many SIDS rely on one or few economic activities, especially tourism or fisheries, both of which are highly influenced due to natural disasters. Climate change is evaluate to impact aquatic ecosystems, and alter the distribution and production of fish. Fish migration routes, spawning and feeding grounds, and search seasons are all likely to change, and the impacts on fishing communities are uncertain. Rising seas, more severe storms, and saltwater intrusion in the deltas will damage the regions aquaculture industry, which is base on species with limited saline tolerance, such as catfish in the Mekong Delta. Cambodia and Vietnam are among the most vulnerable on recent climate change impacts on fishery in 130 countries that is heavy dependence on fisheries, high exposure to climate risks, and limited coping capacity (Mirza, 2003).A part from that Asian is the places of spare-time activity for tourists, including wildlife areas and parks may be disrupted with less tourism due to Climate Change and it also has significantly impacted on agriculture and diminish in the supply of water and soil moisture during the dry season, which put the stress on the available of water supplies and increasing the subscribe for irrigation. Rice growing areas may also be affected which gives a bad effect on agricultural trade, economic growth and the development (McLeman, 2005). For instance, farmers who directly depend on agriculture are vulnerable to extreme events which can destroy their entire crop due to floods or droughts that occur unpredictably or at the unlawful time of the cropping cycle (Warner et al. 2009).The participations from other NGOs and INGOs are really necessary in order to cope with Climate Change and Global Warming. For instance, UNDPs climate change engagement in Cambodia focuses on strengthening the c apacity of government to respond to climate change, creating opportunities for knowledge sharing and building partnerships, as well as supporting interrogation into the impacts of climate change on the countrys economic and human development. For the fulfillment on Climate Change in Cambodia, UNDP has supported the Ministry of Environment to produce various technological reports since 1999 with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The work of UNDP has not only helped the country fulfill its obligations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), but to strengthen governments capacity to respond to climate change, mainly through the Cambodia Climate Change Office (UNDP release ).Climate Change and Global Warming is the hot issue that it is not concern in the region Cambodia itself but as the globe issue therefore it need to be involved from everyone and other institutions. As a poor country like Cambodia we need some fund in respond to Climate Chang e and Global Warming for we cannot cope with such a problem alone. According to the project by the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance, Cambodia is supported its capacity to develop and strengthening preparedness for climate change risk for instance, to communities that are vulnerable to climate change and other natural hazards. To run this project, CCCA grants will be implemented that requires the support from the Government and civil society, as well as with technical support by external development partners.More than 80 per cent of Cambodians rely directly on agriculture for their livelihoods, but global warming is likely to affect rainfall patterns, possibly causing crop failures and food shortages. Moreover, the impact of climate change will be an unprecedented and increasing global threat to life, livelihoods and life-supporting systems. Actually, Cambodias contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is low which ranked number 109 by the World Resources Institute, with emissions of only 0.29 tons of carbon dioxide per oral sex of population each year. Nonetheless, Cambodia is suffered from the effects of global warming due to excessive emissions in other parts of the world. Like other countries in Southeast Asia, Cambodia is expected to experience higher and more intense rainfall. The effects are likely to include more severe water scarcity and more frequent floods, resulting in crop failures and food shortages. A remarkable loss of biodiversity will cause a decline in ecosystem services. Coastal communities and eco-systems are likely to be affected by rises in sea levels as well. Hench, higher temperatures and humidity will create conditions for increased incidence of malaria and dengue fever. In respond the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA) was announced at the forum by the EU and UNDP and formally launched in February 2010. Despite Cambodia is likely to be hardest hit by climate change, Cambodia was selected to be a pilot country which was funded in the form of pooled and non-targeted resources on the basis of contractual agreements between each donor and UNDP by development partners (UNDP/Arantxa).In touch on to the environmental protection, includes sustainable management and sustainable use of natural resources in responses to Climate Change and Global Warming, both inter subject level and national one are together trying to cope with it. In this spirit, Cambodia has been working hard to fulfill its own obligation as it fully supports the efforts to address climate change based on the key principles of the United Nations Framework of Convention on Climate Change, which require specific ask and special circumstances of developing country parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Consequently, Cambodia have acceded the Kyoto Protocol on 04 Jul, 2002 (UNDP, 2004). Moreover Cambodia has completed National Adaptation design of treat to Climate Change (NAPA) in late 20 06 to address the urgent and immediate require of the country adapt to climate change (Trisurat, 2009). Besides national concern, there are also concern form international actors and outsider states on this problem. In this regard, UNFCCC has created the High-level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing, chaired by Norways Prime Minister Stoltenberg. Moreover, the US has pledged US$5 million to catalyze efforts to mitigate emissions of Black Carbon, and other countries Norway, Canada, Sweden, Denmark and Finland have joined in this effort and may also pledge contributions (Otero, 2010).According to the concern from some head of states has risen that solutions to the problems of climate change should be reinforced and coordinate in an integrate manner within the framework of sustainable development (8th Asia-Europe Summit Brussels, 2010). At first Cambodia could not fulfill National Adaptation Program of Action to Climate to Climate Change (NAPA) only until in late 2006 that i t succeed in the fulfillment to address the urgent and immediate needs of the country adapt to climate change. It is clear that least developed countries like Cambodia and others are the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their limited adaptive climate change capacities.It is clear that weather related change and complex man-mad disaster are increasing frequency and severely in one nation can affect to various part of the world. Their impact on the environment and on climate cannot be overlook. Therefore, broad commitments to address climate change should be agreed at a regional level to ensure that the actions of one country do not negatively affect or undermine the efforts of their neighbors. Though the results of environmental and natural depletion may not be visible now, it will be a heavy burden for Cambodias next generations, who will have difficulty in bionomic system. It illustrates that Cambodia is facing the risk of unsustainable development for its ne xt generation. Immediate action is required to tackle hence the government and all other stakeholders moldiness come up with strong policies and fast action to combat climate change.In short, Climate change is closely linked to human activities not only in wealthy industrialized countries people and their livelihoods but also other less developing countries. In particular Climate Change will impact the social and economic in small islands, and also affecting key sectors such as tourism and agriculture, and resulting in risky infrastructure due to Climate variability, including extreme events such as storms, floods and sustained droughts. Therefore the negative impacts of climate change could create a new group of refugees, who may migrate into new settlements to seek new living. Indeed, LDCs and SIDS have neither the financial resources nor the technical capacities to meet their adaptation needs due to climate change and global warming. Consequently, the international community need s to provide stronger financial and technical support to the LDCs and SIDS through the special funds under international frameworks.. In respond special effort needs to be done. Obviously, Cambodia is likely to experience the impacts of climate change and therefore must be prepared to adapt to the changes on the environment, especially in terms of droughts, floods, soil erosion and the loss of biodiversity. Consequently, they will need to adopt sustainable practices on agriculture by reducing the vulnerability of soil based agricultural production systems through the management of soil fertility, management of the cycle of soil more efficiently in grasslands and cropping systems. (Canon, Oct,2009). Moreover, there should be the participating of NGO network members and the government in order to increase their understanding on the issue and what everyone can do is to save water, against pollution, forest protection, wildlife or animals and environmental reservation, recycle, reuse th e energy deflexion that is a part of daily life. Therefore, in respond to address Climate Change, we should improved energy efficiency and better use of alternative and renewable energy. We must encourage investment in clean development mechanisms and therefore, green economy must be considered at the top priority of the development agenda. Hence, all countries need to consider setting their own Green House Gaze in the limited target and promote sustainable management of natural resources. Moreover, the regions governments and people need to identify a way to sustainably develop their economies, alleviate poverty, and conserve the regions extraordinary species and ecosystems. The region should improve environmental management capacity and more effective saving in order to adapt to and reduce the unavoidable climate change impacts (Canon, Oct,2009).

Overview And Analysis Of Inception

Overview And Analysis Of InceptionAward winning film put onr, Christopher Nolan, developed one simplistic yet complex theory. Later, he adapted this idea to a major motion picture titled Inception. A box office hit, inspired by the notion of invading ones subconscious mind and lucid dreaming, its impact ultimately transformed the way the general public viewed ones perspective of life. Unsurprisingly, the audience were distracted in the mind blowing visual effects. Therefore many disregarded or were unaw ar that the coach incorporated subtle hints and key points that could answer seemingly puzzling questions end-to-end the film. In one particular scene, where Cobbs reveals the history of him and his wife, Mal, exploring the concept of a dream within a dream to Ariadne, elements such as symbolism and lighting were knavishly used to highlight certain aspects and create A medium shot of Ariadne approaching Cobbs, the camera then zooms into her and stops at a close up shot as she co nfronts Cobbs Ariadne confronts Cobbs. Whilst in present dialogue, the director highlighted both characters with a neutral, luminous light originating from windows in the background. These two simple elements allowed the audience to focus alone on the information the dialogue holds. Music intensifies when vital and significant events be beingness told. Only Mal (French for evil) is seen opening her eyes on the shore of a area as the tide swallows back into the ocean with a dazed and confused expression. However, she gets up on the beach forth from the tides (but seen in the background). Shore of subconscious the director has chosen this setting because many dream experts believe that it represents that the shore is the place where the conscious mind meets the unconscious in other words, a sea of dreams meets the land of reality (LUCID DREAMING). It also represents a symbolic journey of self discovery when coming across the sea of unconscious. Therefore it can be interpreted a s Mal knowing she was dreaming but has lost sight of what was reality. The sun brightly shining in the background gives this scene a soft focus lens system as if Mals confusion is translated in this form of element. We created our own world the background shines above their heads effectively giving the appearance Cobbs describes. To show that they are creating their world, Mal and Cobbs are creating things with gumption e.g. sand castle. An upward medium shot is used to illustrate the creation of their world. While in the background, large clouds are moving swiftly and rapidly to destine that time quickly ticking by in dreams We did that for years, Cobbs explains. Other than being told by the narrator himself, the computer architecture is paradoxical, such as the rows of never ending pillars as Mal and Cobbs walk through and the infinite levels the building across was structured. Music has been intensified compared to the beginning of the dialogue. Mal stands before her childhoo d home. The background is bright and yet again the architecture has an unrealistic appearance. However, Mal is shadowed this could mean that what she is about to do will seal a dark fate. The camera angle slowly zooms into a close up of her expression this could also mean that it took her time to come to her actions. Her wavy hair casts over her face then the wind shifts it over as the camera zooms in. It could refer that the sea of unconscious (dreams) is or already have taken over what she once knew was reality, it is taking over her. The dream world is literally scraping away the grasp of reality she once originally had. The house represents Mals childhood. To lock something away deep in the mind, Nolan uses a playhouse doll that symbolises Mals lost imagination. After being introduced to a world in which she can dream again, an obsession emerges. She locks her totem into the playhouse meaning she is locking away the one valuable piece of reality into what was lost, her imagina tion. The playhouse has a spotlight coming from the right of the screen (origins unknown) After waking up from the dream and into reality a bright red light consumes the constitutional room. The colour scheme was used to symbolise the age old riddle what has four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon and three in the even man. After decades stuck in dream Cobbs described them as old souls thrown back into youth, it can also be explained that in the evening of their life they are adults (with two legs) instead of an old person.THROUGHOUT FILM Mal is shown wearing singlets and show skin but later wears modest clothing. In the perspective of Cobbs retelling, the couple are still youthful because now, he realises it was all but a dream. In actuality, they lost track of time, disregarded what mattered and both aged to old seniors. If the dreamer is oblivious(predicate) he/she is dreaming he/she will age. Cobbs and Mal create a dream like world. It could be used as a religious connotation such as Adam and Eve. Living in their Garden of Eden, of which God created (they were portrayed as Gods). When Mal locked away the totem in her subconscious evil prevailed. Eve took the first second of the forbidden fruit and convinced Adam to do the same. In this situation Cobbs wished to go back into reality, he performed inception on Mal so she could follow. Camera angles make it impactful, e.g. Mal slowly loses to mental instability, her facial expressions are accentuated by this element The director comments on a humans response to isolation how some humans thirst to be alone with someone forever, but others dont and the complexity of the human social nature Also revolves around love and how circumstances test the strength of relationships5. endThe mise en scene creates and effects the way an image is perceived. It emphasizes on the mood, impact on the audience, and messages conveyed.

Development of an Online Crime Management System (OCMS)

Development of an Online Crime Management System (OCMS)Case study of the Nigerian Police ForceOYEKUNLE OYEBOLA restAbstractThe aim of this understand and implementation is to develop interactive online horror worldly concernagement dodging which is easily accessible to the public taking a recognition of the Nigeria Police Force crime management approach.The accessibility of the public is to complain or even cogitation a crime to the police stations is comparatively low going by the fear of the worrying by the police department as well up as hold backemic corruption in the musical arrangement. The project and implementation titled online crime management strategy taking cognizance of the Nigeria Police Force is a blade basedapplication which manages and project the information transportation with comply to a crabby location.The approach testament provide avenue for escalating crimes, making complaints, account disappeared persons, show transient details, show missing individuals and possessions, report card theft, manage describe crimes among some other things.The project procedures precisely looks into the crime recognition and avoidance.The user interfaces have been plotted using the DOT Net technologies. The standards of security and selective information protective apparatus have been given a big choice for proper usage. The application takes care of different modules and their associated reports, which are produced as per the applicable strategies and standards that are put forwarded by the administrative staff.IntroductionWith the rapid growth in telecommunication industry that gives room for multiple access, there is need for implementation of digitized crime management clay for to a greater extent efficiency. Real time crime management is directly proportional to the class of security optimization which reduces the crime as well as complaisant vices in the societyWith increasing creation, it is very paramount to initiate an effi cacious crime control/management technique to maximise the security throughput as well as effective information technology utilization in providing necessary security cover for the general public. Online crime management system is employed to maximize effective security implementation.Serious crime grew to nearly epidemic proportions, mainly in Lagos and other urbanized areas categorized by speedy development and change, by stark economic inequality and deprivation, by social disorganization, and by inadequate government aid and law enforcement capabilities. The situation sees the urban area more policed with just about 25 percent of the population lived.The public distrust of the law enforcement agencies happened to be the major reason for underreporting of crimes.Annual crime rates fluctuated around 200 per 100,000 population in Nigeria until the early l960s and then steadily increased to more than 300 per 100,000 by the mid-1970s. Accessible data from the 1980s specified a con tinuing increase. boilers suit conveyed crimes rose from nearly 211,000 in 1981 to between 330,000 and 355,000 during 1984-85. Although serious crime usu ally constituted the larger category, minor crimes and offenses accounted for most of the increase. Crimes against property generally accounted for more than one-half the offenses, with thefts, burglary, and breaking and entering covering 80 to 90 percent in most years. Assaults established 70 to 75 percent of all crimes against persons. The British risque Commission in Lagos cited more than 3,000 skids of falsifications yearly.In the late 1980s, the crime wave was aggravated by deteriorating economic circumstances and by the ineptitude, incompetence, and dishonesty of police, military, and customs force out who conspired and collaborated with offenders or actually involved in criminal manner. Most of the crimes committed usually occur due to delay in conveying incidence report to the relevant information owner.The design of a system based on web application provides fast link to the records maintained and essential interpret the momentous re pictures about the security condition in other to reduce the crime. It is predictable to centralize the organization of information in Crime for the main objectives of fast and efficient sharing of critical information across all Police Stations in the country. Initially, the system pass on be implemented across Cities and Towns and later on, be interlinked so that a Police detective fag end access information across all records in the state thus helping speedy and prospered completion to cases. The System would also be used to generate information for pro-active and preventive measures for fighting crime.The project has been planned to be having the view of distributed design, with centralized memory of the database. The application for the storage of the data has been planned with the usage of the constructs of SQL server.The objective of the project and imple mentation was to develop a site in which any citizen can report crimes. The Crime Management and Reporting System make the crime reporting easier providing effective documentation as well managing the crime history. This project and implementation will be helpful for the Nigeria Police Department and other law enforcement agencies and parastatals. The home page provides the login capability for both the registered users and administrators. Only the Administrators in-charge of different Police Stations will be able to login to their home pages. The citizen could sole(prenominal) report crimes and missing person. The public response to official misconduct was to take matters into its own hands persons and property plot of land enjoying the facilities being provided to the unregistered citizen. Generally, most police departments in the developed nations have recorded substantial progress in using ICT in management and service words whereas their counter parts in the less developed nations have not. This has enabled the police stations in developed countries to provide improved service delivery to its citizens as well as improved interaction with its citizens. The resulting benefits have been increased transparency, cost reduction among other benefits. How invariably, ICT has not yet been fully utilized by the police departments in developing nations including our country thus resulting to poor service delivery to the public.Crime is part of humane activities and needs to be managed. No human society has ever been totally free of deviants and it is unlikely that society will ever be. The more populated and complex a society becomes the wider the range of antisocial conducts that must be controlled by the government through the armed forces and other agencies the Police Force. The incident-based system reports on a much broader range of crimes and includes data on the circumstances of the crime, the victim, and the defendant. The current crime reporting syste m is faced with several difficulties as there is no instant means of reporting crime other than telephone calls, messaging or perhaps face-to-face which is usually cumbersome especially where the reporter wishes to keep anonymity. The proposed crime reporting system aims to assist the Nigerian Police in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activities in a given topical anestheticity. Finally, a prototype crime reporting system was designed that relies on four reporting forms a complaint or dispatch reporting form, a crime event report form, follow-up investigation report form, and an arrest report form. The system consists of terce functional modules a data capture module, a report management and control module, and a data utilization module. Future lam on crime reporting system can be tailored towards accessibility (mobile version), awareness and improvement on the usage.The rate at which information is transmitted from one end to another through a given system has significantly increased. The success of an organization depends largely on the rate at which information is exchanged at heart the organization and also on how safe the information/data transmission process is. The attitude of workers to work also affects the success and growth of any organization.0Different components in this project and operation included visitors module, registered users module, and administrator module. The visitors module will inundate the visitor to view latest broadcast (latest news update) that have been provided by the administrator.The news is filtered with respect to the visitors location. The registered user module provides theclientwith the facility for reporting crimes, missing persons, view most cherished persons, making complaints etc. The administrators module provides facility for full administration of the website by responding to clientrequests, it also allows for adding new admin, managing most wanted persons and missing persons, managing naughty news and crimes and several other functionality.PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION With the high increase in population in the country with several regions being properly planned for good access road and other social amenities, the economy has negatively been influenced. This has seen its citizens indulging in lots of businesses in order to earn a living. This makes them so much busy to a point that they dont get time to do some of their responsibilities such as reporting crime. Figure 1.1 Lagos metropolis showing unplanned roads with minimal social amenityIn most cases the officials result to harassing the citizens reporting the crimes and if there is a way to report crimes without having to go to police stations then this problem could be avoided. At other times when one reports about a missing person or property, this gets only to the police station where you have reported but dont get to other p olice stations all over the County or to a larger extent and this narrows down the area of investigation. In spite of the development of Information Technology, little study has been done to analyze the problems affectingthe performanceof the Police.Figure 1.2Reports of Police inefficiency and harassmentCrime is part of human activities and needs to be managed. No human society has ever been totally free of deviants and it is unlikely that society will ever be. The more populated and complex a society becomes the wider the range of anti-social conduct that must be controlled by government using police power. The incident-based system reports on a much broader range of crimes and includes data on the circumstances of the crime, the victim, and the defendant. The current crime reporting system is faced with several difficulties as there is no instant means of reporting crime rather than telephone calls, messaging or perhaps face-to-face which is always cumbersome in a case the reporte r might want to keep anonymity. To strengthen crime reporting system, an online system is enhanced to fully take the responsibility of reporting crime in a manner that will be useful to the Nigerian Police Force (NPF). For instance, in cases involving property crime the incident-based system will report on thetype and description of the articleits valuetype of loss (e.g., stolen, vandalized)type of victim (e.g., individual, business)And location of crime (e.g., convenience store, residence).Criminologist and ICT Engineers are always at muttonhead over the technological advancement in Crime management which it is widely believe to be wasteful with little or no emphasis on the efficiency.They both believe the present system of crime management is faulty and needs redefinition. While Criminologist argue on security signal basis, the engineers define crime management on what is obtainable.Research Objectives and SignificanceThe sudden growth in the telecommunication provider providing wireless access has made the internet more accessible. With more demand for intelligent crime management systemThe aim of CRIS is to assist the Nigerian Police Force (NPF) in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activities in a given locality. The objectives of the interrogation work are as stated belowTo provide a deterministic crime reporting modelTo create a distributed data warehouse for crime reporting based on the model.The enhanced data quality of the incident-based reporting system will be of significant benefit to state and local governing bodies, criminal justice agencies, and the public. Data from the incident-based system will enhance both strategic and tactical decision making in criminal justice. Because incident-based data will provide a more accurate picture of a communitys crime patterns, decisions regarding law enforcement, judicial, and correctional resources can be made based on experiential data. Similarly, the level of detail provided by incident-based data can assist law enforcement agencies and the community to identify crime problems in their community such ascrime hotspots populations who are at risk andDrug and alcohol problems.Crime prevention strategies may then be developed and evaluated based on empirical evidence.This study will also assist policy analyst to understand both factors that impedes the efficiency and effectiveness of the police and the ways by which the situation could be improved upon so as to bring crime and disorders in the society to its barest minimum. Finally, this study will go a long way in alter to the knowledge of police work. Besides, other researchers and students in higher institutions especially those in sociology department can derive various secondary data from this study.Crime feelThe root causes of crime are poverty, unemployment, underemployment, racism, poor health care, bad housing, weak schools, mental illness, alcoholism, single-parent families, teenage pregnancy, and a society of selfishness and greed.Online Crime Management system is a web based application that provides avenue as well as gateway for reporting online crimes, lodge complaints, announce missing persons, inform the general public the fugitive details mailing with platform to chart online and send emails.There is no restriction on the number of concurrent connections to the web server. Every user must subscribe to the web server by registering on the server.Existing SystemIn the existing system only we can see the details of particular information about the police stations in our state, the existing system has more workload for the authorized person, but in the case of Proposed System, the user can registered in our site and send the crime report and complaint about a particular city or person.Drawbacks of Existing SystemMore man power.Time consuming.Consumes large volume of pare work.Needs manual calculations.No direct role for the higher officials.Damage of machines due to lack of attention.To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized.Proposed SystemThe aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time lagging.Expected Advantages of Proposed SystemThe system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following featuresEnsure data accuracys.Proper control of the higher officials.Reduce the damages of the machines.Minimize manual data entry. negligible time needed for the various processing.Greater efficiency.Better service.User friendliness and interactive.Minimum time required.

The Adults Are Always Right? :: essays research papers

The Adults Are Always Right?     "Clean your room Dont do that Stop watching that stupid television,dont you have a book to read? Didnt I tell you to clean your room, do you wantto be a slob when you grow up? Go to school, dont you have school today? When Iwas a kid . . ."     Welcome to the lives of almost every tee hacker in North America. To mostparents, when the above words are spoken, they expect to see their teen line of achievement atthe opportunity to serve them. The above words mean something to them and theythink it means something to us teens. They dont understand that the words go inthrough peerless ear and out through the other. Does a German understand the words ofan Italian? No Does a Chinese man understand the words of a Greek man? No Thereason, they are two completely different languages. Now although parents andtheir kids speak the same language, parents dont understand that we tune out ofEnglish when we want. If we populate something is going to be asked of us and wedont want to do it, we turn our brains into "Nag Mode." To define Nag Mode, issimple. Every syllable that comes out of the mouth of an adult is heard as nag. For exampleAdults say "clean your room ."Kids hear "nag nag nag"Adults say "Stop watching television."Kids hear "nag nag nag nag nag nag nag."     They think of us as being lazy, and irresponsible, selfish and useless.Some adults quiver when they hear how we will one day waiver this world. What makesus lazy, the fact that we watch an hour of television after a hard day at school,before eating dinner and doing our homework? why are we irresponsible, becausewe dont have time to walk the dog due to us mattering for our upcoming exam?Were selfish because we want peace and quite for when we study? And uselessbecause we cant run any errands for them when were taking that one hour out ofour day to relax. They do, do a lo t and I respect them and all, but install us somecredit for a change. Is it our fault that almost every house has at least onetelevision bigger than 22" and that staple cable comes with at least thirtychannels? They keep telling us their stories about when they were kids, and italways has to do with something we cant help."When I was a kid we had a 13" black and white television,